托福寫作技巧:巧妙使用舉例論證法

     在托福獨(dú)立寫作中，舉例法是的論證方法。舉例法通常可以分為一般性例證，數(shù)據(jù)類例證和名人名事引證。今天給同學(xué)們分享舉例法中數(shù)據(jù)例證在托福寫作中的運(yùn)用。很多同學(xué)會(huì)有疑問，如果要使用數(shù)據(jù)來證明觀點(diǎn)，似乎覺得自己沒有閱讀過很多的數(shù)據(jù)類文獻(xiàn)，覺得手頭的數(shù)據(jù)太不真實(shí)，所以不敢往上寫。首先，給大家打消這個(gè)疑慮，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)真的需要親自去讀學(xué)術(shù)類的期刊嗎?不需要。我們只需要學(xué)會(huì)合理編寫數(shù)據(jù)就可以了。那同學(xué)們會(huì)問了，編的數(shù)據(jù)可靠嗎，考官會(huì)去驗(yàn)證你數(shù)據(jù)的真實(shí)性嗎? 這個(gè)大家不要擔(dān)心，ETS的考官不會(huì)輕易懷疑大家所寫的數(shù)據(jù)，因?yàn)閰⒓油懈？荚嚨娜巳海邢裎覀冞@樣的普通青年，也有各個(gè)學(xué)科的大觸，所以只要你編寫的數(shù)據(jù)合理，ETS是不敢妄下判斷否定你論據(jù)的真實(shí)性的。

首先我們要有模板，

模板一：A 年份 survey/report, conducted by XX組織/XX機(jī)構(gòu)/XX大學(xué), (after polling XX人群 aged x and x) proved that XX% a, XX% b, XX% c。

模板二：According to XX年份 surveys, conducted by XX組織/XX機(jī)構(gòu)， shows that …

其次，我們要積累編寫數(shù)據(jù)例證時(shí)常用的機(jī)構(gòu)/組織的名稱：

環(huán)保局Environmental protection agency

衛(wèi)生廳 department of public health

教育部Ministry of Education

人力資源部Human resource Department

交通局 Traffic department

數(shù)據(jù)類題目適用于哪類題目?最適用的題型是今昔對(duì)比類題目， 如下：

Twenty years from now on, people will have more leisure time than they do now。

Secondly, the working time of people has become much shorter, thus resulting in people's preference for more leisure

time. According to 1995 and 2005 surveys conducted by Human Resources Department, people worked 8 hours every day in 2005

while people in 1995 worked almost 9 hours each day. The shortened work time is caused by the wide use fo machines。

分析：

題目大意： 20年后，人們會(huì)有更多休閑時(shí)間。

人們休閑時(shí)間越來越多可以通過調(diào)查人們?cè)?/span>1995和2005工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)的減少反映出來。

It was easier to identify what jobs or careers were secure and successful in the past than it is now。

Additionally, a questionnaire about choosing an ideal job conducted by Career Service Center in China has surveyed two

groups of people with the first at the age of 50 and above and the second aged from 20 to 30. 58.4%. According to the

above survey, 32.5% of the first group respectively choose the option of civil servants and teachers. On the contrary,

72.4% of the second group circled the third option of other occupations such as singers, freelance writers and so on. The

difference in the two groups of figures lies in the transition of people's attitude of choosing a job 。

題目大意： 現(xiàn)在更難以去判斷一項(xiàng)工作是否成功。

通過一項(xiàng)問卷調(diào)查來說明現(xiàn)在人們打破了以前鐵飯碗的觀念，開始從事其他類別的工作，從而證明人們對(duì)于成功工作的定義變得多樣化。

Nowadays it is easier to get educated than in the past。

A 2012-report conducted by Beijing Human Resources Department: the female percentage in the occupations such as

professors, doctors, layers. Engineers grew by 80.3% compared to the days 50 years ago。

通過古今對(duì)比體面工作中女性比例的上升，來證明女性接受教育比以前要容易了。

總之，同學(xué)們要想熟練的運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)類論據(jù)，就要首先記住固定的表達(dá)方式，其次，要總結(jié)常用的機(jī)構(gòu)名稱，最后，要清楚數(shù)據(jù)類論據(jù)適合古今對(duì)比類文章。